The Concept of Brahman
In the previous article, we understood the symbolic expression of Upanishads. From this article onwards we will analyse four such expositions.
The ultimate reality: In the Vedic and Upanishadic texts, Brahman is the ultimate reality, the source and sustainer of the universe. It is the cosmic consciousness, the divine principle underlying all existence.
Central idea: The concept of Brahman, the ultimate reality, is central to the Upanishads. It is often described as indescribable, transcending all categories of thought and experience. However, the sages of ancient India have employed a rich tapestry of symbolic names to point towards this ultimate reality.
Symbolic exposition for meditation: Brahman is beyond all description, being both everything and nothing. It is both the source of all things and the ground of all being. However, this is difficult to meditate upon – directly by lay person. Hence, the ancient Rishishave introduced Symbolic language in scriptures – that can be used as a focus for meditation, helping the practitioner to transcend the limitations of the mundane mind.
Symbolic Representation of Brahman
The Upanishads, in particular, are rich in symbolic language and imagery. They use a variety of names and metaphors to describe Brahman, each revealing a different aspect of its attributes. Some of the most common symbolic representations of Brahman include:
Om (ॐ): This sacred syllable is perhaps the most well-known symbol of Brahman. It is considered the primordial sound, the source of all creation. The three sounds of Om – A, U, M – are said to represent the three states of consciousness: waking, dreaming, and deep sleep.
The Supreme Person (Purusha): Purusha is often described as the cosmic being who is immanent in the cosmos in the same form. This metaphor highlights the sustaining power of Brahman. One should remember that “Purusha” is a metaphor and not gender. Unlike Abrahamic religions, God is not “male” but is an entity beyond the ordinary. Yet it creates and interacts with the ordinary and this form of interaction is explained in a metaphoric symbol – Purusha. The term indicates “that from which the rest is produced or the rest is spawned”.
Savitha: Brahman is metaphorically said to preserve the entire cosmos in his stomach. At the advent of creation, he delivers the cosmos – like a mother delivering the baby. The term indicates “the one giving birth”.
Understanding the Symbolic Language
Misinterpretations: Western scholars have often found themselves intrigued yet perplexed by the symbolic language of the Upanishads. This ancient Indian text, filled with metaphors, allegories, and philosophical riddles, has presented a significant challenge to traditional Western modes of thought. This has led to (often deliberate) misinterpretation of Vedic scriptures – like that of Max Muller and Wendy Doniger.
Study and research: To fully appreciate the symbolic language of the Upanishads, it is essential to understand the underlying philosophy and the context in which these symbols are used. By studying the grammar, phonetics, and etymology of the names of Brahman, we can gain deeper insights into the nature of this supreme reality.
Meditation: The practice of meditating on the names and forms of Brahman is the highest spiritual exercise rooted in the Upanishads. It’s a technique to transcend one’s limited self and realize the divine within.
Key take aways for you:
Symbolism as a Tool: By focusing on the symbolic names and forms of Brahman, you can engage with a tangible representation of the divine. These symbols act as a bridge between the finite and the infinite, the personal and the impersonal.
Transcending the Ego: The ego, or the sense of individual self, is a major obstacle to spiritual realization. By meditating on the names and forms of Brahman, you can gradually weaken the grip of the ego.
Experiencing the Divine Within: As you delve deeper into the meditation, you will begin to experience a shift in consciousness. The boundaries between the self and the world start to dissolve, and a sense of unity with the divine emerges.
But remember these points:
Personal Experience: The effectiveness of this practice depends on personal experience and dedication.
Guidance from a Guru: Seeking guidance from a qualified spiritual teacher can be invaluable.
Regular Practice: Consistent and regular practice is essential for progress.
Patience and Perseverance: Spiritual realization is a gradual process that requires patience and perseverance.
In the next article, we will discuss the second exposition – “Symbolic forms of spiritual concepts”.
Madhwesh K
Vedic Tribe
