The Power of Symbolism
In the previous article, we discussed symbols of Brahman in Upanishads. In this article, we will discuss symbolic forms of spiritual concepts in Upanishads.
Symbolism is a powerful tool that can be used to convey complex ideas in a concise and evocative manner. By using symbols, the Upanishads bridge the gap between the abstract and the concrete, allowing readers to grasp profound concepts in a more tangible way.
In Upanishads, spiritual concepts take tangible form – like the idea of self-transformation is presented as “Yajna” i.e., worship via physical fire.
The Symbolism of Yajna
Yajna, a Vedic ritual involving oblations in fire, is a prime example of symbolic language in the Upanishads. While it may seem like a simple act of offering to the gods in physical fire, Yajna carries overwhelming spiritual significance.
Self-Sacrifice: The offering of materials into the fire symbolizes the offering of one’s ego and desires to the supreme consciousness.
Transformation: The fire transforms the offerings, symbolizing the transformative power of spiritual practice.
Cosmic Cycle: The rising and falling of the flames mirrors the cyclical nature of existence.
Union with the Divine: The smoke rising from the fire represents the soul’s ascent to the realm of supreme consciousness.
Misinterpretation of “Yajna”
Misinterpretations: Western scholars, particularly those from Abrahamic traditions, often misinterpret the concept of Yajna due to cultural and linguistic differences. Sometimes, such misinterpretations are deliberate in order to show Vedic culture inferior to their culture. A common misinterpretation is to equate Yajna with animal sacrifice, a practice that is not central to Vedic philosophy.
Primary focus: Though animal sacrifices were performed in some Vedic rituals, they were neither the core of the practice nor Vedic philosophy. The primary focus of Yajna is on the symbolic offering of oneself to the divine. The materials offered, including food, herbs, milk and ghee (clarified butter), are symbolic representations of various aspects of existence. For example, while milk symbolizes our raw existence, ghee represents the existence purified by spiritual process.
Other Symbolic Representations in the Upanishads
Beyond Yajna, the Upanishads employ a wide range of symbols to convey their teachings. Some common examples include:
The Human Body: The human body is often used as a metaphor for the universe. The various parts of the body represent different aspects of reality. For examples, in the Katha Upanishad, the human body is metaphorically described as a chariot. In this metaphor, the senses are the horses, the mind is the reins, and the intellect is the driver. The passenger is the Self (Atman)
Dreams and Sleep: Dreams and sleep are used to symbolize different states of consciousness. Famously, Mandukya Upanishad discusses four states of consciousness – wakefulness, dream state, deep sleep state and the state beyond.
Nature: Natural phenomena such as the sun, moon, and stars are used to represent cosmic principles. For instance, in Suya Upanishad, the Sun represents Ananda (bliss), Jnana (knowledge) and Vijnana (experiential knowledge).
By understanding the symbolic language of the Upanishads, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the wisdom of Rishis. It allows us to connect with the text on a personal level and apply its teachings to our own lives.
Key take aways for you:
Study Upanishads: Start with the shortest – Mandukya Upanishad. Slowly cover other short ones like Isha Upanishad.
Find a Guru: Find a Guru who is scholar in etymology, grammar and interpretation. Seek guidance in understanding the deeper meaning of Upanishadic teachings.
But remember:
Symbolism: Understand the meaning behind symbolic language. If you encounter different interpretation, do not quit. Remember that the idea behind the symbolic language is to communicate complex ideas and different interpretations means an exploration of its own kind.
Avoid ready-made salvation: Avoid all self-proclaimed Gurus who offer ready-made salvation. Often these Gurus disregard Vedic tradition and the teachings of Rishis.
In the next article, we will discuss the third exposition – “Symbolic action for connecting with Brahman”.
Madhwesh K
Vedic Tribe
